Ngay ᴄả ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ, κʜɪ ѕɪɴʜ ʀɑ ᴠà ʟớɴ ʟêɴ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴄáɪ ɴȏɪ ᴛɪếɴɢ ᴠɪệᴛ, ᴛâм ʜồɴ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ᴆượᴄ ᴛướɪ мáᴛ ʙằɴɢ ɴʜữɴɢ ᴄâᴜ ᴄʜᴜʏệɴ ᴄổ ᴛɪ́ᴄʜ κể мɪệɴɢ ᴄủɑ ȏɴɢ ʙà, ᴆượᴄ ɴᴜȏɪ ᴅưỡɴɢ ʙằɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ мȏɪ ᴛʀườɴɢ ɴɢȏɴ ɴɢữ ᴆɑ ᴅạɴɢ ᴠà ρʜᴏɴɢ ρʜú ᴄủɑ ᴛɪếɴɢ ᴠɪệᴛ. ᴛᴜʏ ρʜᴏɴɢ ᴄáᴄʜ ɴóɪ мỗɪ ᴠùɴɢ мɪềɴ, мỗɪ ᴆịᴀ ρʜươɴɢ ᴆềᴜ ᴄó ɴéᴛ ᴆặᴄ ᴛʀưɴɢ ʀɪêɴɢ. ɴʜưɴɢ ɴếᴛ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴄʜᴜɴɢ, ᴛɪếɴɢ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴠẫɴ ᴛᴜâɴ ᴛʜủ мộᴛ ѕố ɴɢᴜʏêɴ ᴛắᴄ ɴʜấᴛ ᴆịɴʜ. ᴠà ᴆặᴄ ʙɪệᴛ, ᴛʜựᴄ ᴛɪễɴ ʟịᴄʜ ѕử ɢʜɪ ᴅấᴜ ấɴ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɴɢȏɴ ɴɢữ, ʀấᴛ ᴆặᴄ ʙɪệᴛ, κʜȏɴɢ тнể ᴛʜɑʏ ᴆổɪ. ᴄʜɪ́ɴʜ ᴠɪ̀ ᴛʜế ɴêɴ ᴅù ᴅòɴɢ ѕử ᴠɪệᴛ ᴆã ᴆɪ զᴜɑ ᴛʜờɪ κỳ ᴆịɴʜ ᴄõɪ ʀɪêɴɢ ʙɪệᴛ ɢɪữɑ ᴄʜúɑ ɴɢᴜʏễɴ ᴠớɪ ᴄʜúɑ ᴛʀịɴʜ ɴʜưɴɢ ᴅấᴜ ấɴ ʟịᴄʜ ѕử ᴠẫɴ ᴄòɴ ʟưᴜ ʟạɪ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʟờɪ ăи ᴛɪếɴɢ ɴóɪ ᴄủɑ ɴɢườɪ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴄʜᴏ ᴛớɪ ʜɪệɴ ɴɑʏ զᴜɑ ᴄáᴄʜ ɢọɪ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɴɑм, ɴɢᴏàɪ ʙắᴄ”.

ᴛạɪ ѕɑᴏ ɴóɪ “ᴠàᴏ ɴɑм ʀɑ ʙắᴄ” ʜɑʏ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɴɑм ɴɢᴏàɪ ʙắᴄ” ɴʜưɴɢ κʜȏɴɢ тнể ɴóɪ ɴɢượᴄ ʟạɪ.ᴄáᴄʜ ɢọɪ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɴɑм, ɴɢᴏàɪ ʙắᴄ”, “ᴠȏ/ᴠàᴏ ɴɑм, ʀɑ ʙắᴄ” ʙắᴛ ɴɢᴜồɴ ᴛừ ᴅɑɴʜ хưɴɢ ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ/ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ ᴠàᴏ ᴛʜế κỷ 17 – 18. ᴛᴜʏ ɴʜɪêɴ ᴠẫɴ ᴄó ɴʜɪềᴜ ᴄáᴄʜ ʟý ɢɪảɪ ᴄʜᴏ ᴄáᴄʜ ɴóɪ ɴàʏ:

ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɴɢȏɴ ɴɢữ ᴛɪếɴɢ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ᴅùɴɢ ᴛừ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ” ᴛứᴄ ʟà ᴛʀᴜɴɢ ᴛâм ѕᴏ ᴠớɪ “ɴɢᴏàɪ”; ʙɑᴏ ɢɪờ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ” ᴄũɴɢ ᴄó ᴠɑɪ ᴠế ʜơɴ (ᴠề мặᴛ ᴛʜựᴄ ᴛɪễɴ) ѕᴏ ᴠớɪ “ɴɢᴏàɪ”. ᴛɑ ɴóɪ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ κɪɴʜ ᴛʜàɴʜ, ɴɢᴏàɪ ʙɪêɴ ảɪ”, ᴄʜớ κʜȏɴɢ ɑɪ ᴆɪ ρʜâɴ ᴆịɴʜ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʙɪêɴ ảɪ, ɴɢᴏàɪ κɪɴʜ ᴛʜàɴʜ” ʜếᴛ.

ᴛʀᴏɴɢ мộᴛ ѕố ᴛʀườɴɢ ʜợρ, “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ” ᴄòɴ мɑɴɢ ᴛɪ́ɴʜ ᴄʜấᴛ мậᴛ тнιếᴛ ʜơɴ ѕᴏ ᴠớɪ “ɴɢᴏàɪ”. ᴛɑ ɴóɪ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɴʜà, ɴɢᴏàɪ ʟộ”, ᴄʜớ κʜȏɴɢ ɑɪ ᴆɪ ɴóɪ “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʟộ, ɴɢᴏàɪ ɴʜà”.

ᴄáɪ ᴛʜᴜở ɴướᴄ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴄʜưɑ ρʜâɴ ᴄʜɪɑ ʜɑɪ мɪềɴ (ᴄʜúɑ ɴɢᴜʏễɴ, ᴄʜúɑ ᴛʀịɴʜ) мà ᴛʜăиɢ ʟᴏɴɢ ᴄòɴ ʟàм κɪɴʜ ᴆȏ ᴄʜᴜɴɢ, ɴɢườɪ ở ᴛʀᴏɴɢ κɪɴʜ κỳ κʜɪ ɴɢó ʀɑ ᴄмồɴ мù κʜơɪ ɴʜư ʙɪ̀ɴʜ ᴆịɴʜ ɢọɪ ʟà ɴɢó ʀɑ ɴɢᴏàɪ ʙɪêɴ ảɪ.

ᴆếɴ ᴛʜờɪ ρʜâɴ тʀᴀɴн ᴛʀịɴʜ – ɴɢᴜʏễɴ, ʟấʏ ʀɑɴʜ ɢɪớɪ ɴơɪ ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ (զᴜảɴɢ ʙɪ̀ɴʜ) мà ρʜâɴ ᴄʜɪɑ ᴆấᴛ ɴướᴄ. ɴóɪ “ɴɑм ʜà” ᴆể ᴄʜɪ̉ ʟãɴʜ ᴛʜổ ᴛừ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ ᴛʀở ᴠȏ, “ʙắᴄ ʜà” ᴆể ᴄʜɪ̉ ʟãɴʜ ᴛʜổ ᴛừ ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ ᴛʀở ʀɑ. ɴʜưɴɢ, ᴅɑɴʜ хưɴɢ ᴄнɪ́ɴн ᴛʜứᴄ ᴛʜɪ̀ κʜȏɴɢ ɢọɪ ɴɑм ʜà / ʙắᴄ ʜà, мà ɢọɪ ʟà: ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ / ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ.

мộᴛ ᴆɪểм ʟạ κʜɪ ấʏ ʟà ʟẽ ʀɑ ρʜảɪ ɢọɪ ᴛᴏàɴ ʟãɴʜ ᴛʜổ ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ ʟà “ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ” ʙởɪ ɴó ᴄó κɪɴʜ ᴆȏ ᴛʜăиɢ ʟᴏɴɢ; ᴄòɴ ᴛᴏàɴ ʟãɴʜ ᴛʜổ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ ʟẽ ʀɑ ρʜảɪ ɢọɪ ʟà “ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ” (ʙởɪ ɴằм զᴜá хɑ ɴɢᴏàɪ ʙɪêɴ ᴄươɴɢ ʟᴜȏɴ, ᴠượᴛ զᴜɑ ρʜú ʏêɴ, ᴠượᴛ ᴛớɪ ᴄà мɑᴜ мịᴛ мù) мớɪ ρʜảɪ. ɴʜưɴɢ, ʜᴏàɴ ᴛᴏàɴ ɴɢượᴄ ʟạɪ!

ᴄõɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм ᴆượᴄ ɢọɪ ʟà “ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ”, ᴄòɴ ᴄõɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ ᴅẫᴜ ᴄó κɪɴʜ κỳ ᴛʜăиɢ ʟᴏɴɢ ᴆɪ ɴữɑ ɴʜưɴɢ ʟạɪ ᴛʀở ᴛʜàɴʜ “ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ”

ᴠậʏ ɴếᴜ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ρʜâɴ ᴛɪ́ᴄʜ ᴄáᴄʜ ᴅùɴɢ “ᴆàɴɢ ᴛRᴏɴɢ/ ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ” զᴜɑ ρʜâɴ ᴛɪ́ᴄʜ ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ ᴄủɑ ᴛừ.

“ᴆàɴɢ” (ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ, ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ) ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ ʟà ɢɪ̀? “ᴆàɴɢ” = “ᴆườɴɢ”, ɴʜưɴɢ “ᴆườɴɢ” ở ᴆâʏ κʜȏɴɢ ρʜảɪ ʟà “ᴄᴏɴ ᴆườɴɢ” . ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʜáɴ ᴛự (ᴠɪ̀ κʜɪ ᴄʜưɑ ѕử ᴅụɴɢ զᴜốᴄ ɴɢữ, ᴛɪềɴ ɴʜâɴ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ᴠẫɴ ѕử ᴅụɴɢ ʜáɴ ᴛự), “ᴆườɴɢ” ᴄó ɴʜɪềᴜ ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ. Ở ᴆâʏ, “ᴆườɴɢ” ᴆượᴄ ᴠɪếᴛ 塘 , ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ ʟà “ᴄᴏɴ ᴆê” (ᴆê ѕȏɴɢ 河 塘 ; ᴆê ʙɪểɴ 海 塘)! ᴄáᴄʜ ɢọɪ ɴàʏ ᴄó ʟɪêɴ զᴜɑɴ ᴛớɪ ᴆàᴏ ᴅᴜʏ ᴛừ (1572- 1634), ȏɴɢ ʟà ɴɢườɪ ɴɢʜɪ̃ ʀɑ ᴄáᴄʜ хâʏ ʟũʏ ρʜòɴɢ ᴛʜủ ᴄʜᴏ ᴄʜúɑ ɴɢᴜʏễɴ (“ʟũʏ ᴛʀườɴɢ ᴅụᴄ”, ᴄòɴ ɢọɪ ʟà “ʟũʏ ᴛʜầʏ”). ʜệ ᴛмồɴɢ ʟũʏ ɴàʏ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ɴʜư ᴄᴏɴ ᴆê.

ʟựᴄ ʟượɴɢ ᴄủɑ ᴄʜúɑ ɴɢᴜʏễɴ ᴆóɴɢ ρʜɪ́ɑ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴄᴏɴ ᴆê, ɴêɴ ɢọɪ ʟà “ᴆàɴɢ (ᴆườɴɢ) ᴛʀᴏɴɢ”, ɴằм ᴠề ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм. ᴄòɴ ʟựᴄ ʟượɴɢ ᴄʜúɑ ᴛʀịɴʜ ở ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɢᴏàɪ ᴄᴏɴ ᴆê, ɴêɴ ɢọɪ ʟà “ᴆàɴɢ (ᴆườɴɢ) ɴɢᴏàɪ”, ɴằм ᴠề ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ.

мặᴄ κʜáᴄ, ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɢầɴ ʜɑɪ ᴛʜế κỷ (ᴛʜế κỷ 17 ᴠà 18), ᴄõɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ ʟɪêɴ ᴛụᴄ ᴆượᴄ мở ʀộɴɢ ᴠà ᴛʀảɪ ᴅàɪ ᴛớɪ ᴄà мɑᴜ ʟà ᴄõɪ ᴄó κɪɴʜ ᴛế ρʜồɴ ᴛʜịɴʜ ʜơɴ, ᴄó ᴠăи ʜóɑ ᴄởɪ мở ʜơɴ ѕᴏ ᴠớɪ ᴄõɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ.

ɢɪáᴏ ѕư ʟɪ ᴛɑɴɑ ở ᴆạɪ ʜọᴄ զᴜốᴄ ɢɪɑ Úᴄ κʜɪ ɴɢʜɪêɴ ᴄứᴜ ᴠề ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ, ʙà ᴆáɴʜ ɢɪá ᴄȏɴɢ ᴛʀạɴɢ ᴄủɑ ᴄʜúɑ ɴɢᴜʏễɴ ʜᴏàɴɢ ᴛươɴɢ ᴆươɴɢ ᴠớɪ ᴄȏɴɢ ᴛʀạɴɢ ᴄủɑ ɴɢȏ զᴜʏềɴ. ɴếᴜ ɴɢȏ զᴜʏềɴ, ᴠàᴏ ᴛʜế κỷ 10, ᴆã мở ᴆầᴜ ɴềɴ ᴛự ᴄʜủ ʟâᴜ ᴅàɪ ᴄʜᴏ мộᴛ ɴướᴄ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴠớɪ ʟãɴʜ ᴛʜổ κʜᴏɑɴʜ ʟạɪ ở мɪềɴ ʙắᴄ ᴠà ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ мɪềɴ ᴛʀᴜɴɢ, ᴛʜɪ̀ ᴄʜúɑ ᴛɪêɴ (ɴɢᴜʏễɴ ʜᴏàɴɢ), ᴠàᴏ ᴛʜế κỷ 17, ᴆã мở ʀɑ мộᴛ ᴛʜờɪ κỳ мớɪ ᴄʜᴏ ɴướᴄ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴠớɪ ʟãɴʜ ᴛʜổ мở ʀộɴɢ ᴄʜᴏ ᴛớɪ ᴛậɴ ᴄà мɑᴜ. ɴóɪ ʀõ ʜơɴ ɴữɑ, ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴄủɑ ᴄáᴄ ᴄʜúɑ ɴɢᴜʏễɴ ᴛʀở ᴛʜàɴʜ мộᴛ ᴛʀᴜɴɢ ᴛâм ρʜáᴛ ᴛʀɪểɴ мớɪ, мộᴛ ѕɪɴʜ ʟựᴄ мớɪ ᴄʜᴏ ɴướᴄ ᴠɪệᴛ.

ɴêɴ κʜɪ ấʏ ᴄó тнể ɴóɪ ʀằɴɢ ᴛươɴɢ ʟɑɪ ɴướᴄ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴆượᴄ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴛʜấʏ ᴛʀêɴ ᴠầɴɢ ᴛʀáɴ ᴄủɑ хứ ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ…

мộᴛ ᴄáᴄʜ ʟý ɢɪảɪ κʜáᴄ ᴄʜᴏ ᴄáᴄʜ ɢọɪ ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ / ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ. ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ᴆềᴜ ᴅễ ɴʜậɴ ʀɑ ᴆâʏ ʟà “ʜệ զᴜɪ ᴄʜɪếᴜ” ᴆượᴄ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴛừ ᴛọɑ ᴆộ ᴄủɑ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм. ᴠà ᴅɑɴʜ хưɴɢ ɴàʏ ᴆượᴄ ɢʜɪ ᴄʜéρ ᴠàᴏ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ѕử ѕáᴄʜ мộᴛ ᴄáᴄʜ ᴅứᴛ κʜᴏáᴄ – ʙởɪ ѕứᴄ ảɴʜ ʜưởɴɢ ᴛự ᴛʜâɴ ᴄủɑ ɴềɴ κɪɴʜ ᴛế, хã ʜộɪ ᴄủɑ ᴄõɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм ѕȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴʜ.

ᴛʜựᴄ ᴛɪễɴ ρʜáᴛ ᴛʀɪểɴ ᴄủɑ мỗɪ мɪềɴ (ɴɑм ρʜáᴛ ᴛʀɪểɴ ʜơɴ ʙắᴄ) ᴆã ɢʜɪ ᴅấᴜ ấɴ ʀõ ʀàɴʜ ᴠàᴏ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ɴɢȏɴ ɴɢữ, тнể ʜɪệɴ զᴜɑ ᴅɑɴʜ хưɴɢ: ᴄõɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм мớɪ ʟà “ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ”, ᴄõɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ ᴄʜɪ̉ ʟà “ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ” ᴛнȏι.

ᴠà, ᴛớɪ ᴆâʏ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ᴅễ ᴅàɴɢ ʜɪểᴜ ᴠɪ̀ ѕɑᴏ ɢọɪ “ᴠȏ (ᴠàᴏ) ɴɑм”, мà κʜȏɴɢ ɢọɪ “ʀɑ ɴɑм”. ʙởɪ ᴠɪ̀ ɴɑм ʟà “ᴛʀᴏɴɢ” (ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ), ɴêɴ ɴɢườɪ ᴠɪệᴛ мɪ̀ɴʜ κʜɪ ɴóɪ “ᴠȏ (ᴠàᴏ)” ᴛứᴄ ʟà ᴠȏ (ᴠàᴏ) ʙêɴ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ, ᴠà κʜȏɴɢ ɑɪ ɴóɪ “ʀɑ ʙêɴ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ”.

ᴄũɴɢ ᴠậʏ, ɢọɪ “ʀɑ ʙắᴄ”, ʙởɪ ᴠɪ̀ мɪềɴ ʙắᴄ ʟà “ɴɢᴏàɪ” (ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ) ɴêɴ κʜɪ ᴛɑ ɴóɪ “ʀɑ” ᴛứᴄ ʟà ʀɑ ʙêɴ ɴɢᴏàɪ, ʀɑ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɢᴏàɪ, ᴄʜớ κʜȏɴɢ ɑɪ ᴆɪ ɴóɪ “ᴠȏ (ᴠàᴏ) ʙêɴ ɴɢᴏàɪ”.

ʟý ɢɪảɪ ᴠớɪ ɢóᴄ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴛʀɪếᴛ ʜọᴄ ᴛɪếɴɢ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴛᴜʏ ɴʜɪêɴ ᴠẫɴ ᴄó мộᴛ ᴄáᴄʜ ʟý ɢɪảɪ ᴄụм ᴛừ “ᴠàᴏ ɴɑм ʀɑ ʙắᴄ” ᴅướɪ ɢốᴄ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴛʀɪếᴛ ʜọᴄ ɴʜư:

ᴛừ ᴛʜờɪ хɑ хưɑ ᴛổ ᴛɪêɴ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ɴʜậɴ ʀɑ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʜɑɴɢ ᴛʜɪ̀ ʜẹρ ᴠà ɴɢᴏàɪ ʜɑɴɢ ᴛʜɪ̀ ʀộɴɢ. ɴóɪ “ᴆɪ ʀɑ ɴɢᴏàɪ ʜɑɴɢ, ᴆɪ ᴠàᴏ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʜɑɴɢ” ʀồɪ κʜáɪ զᴜáᴛ ᴛʜàɴʜ: “ᴆɪ ʀɑ” ʟà ᴆɪ ᴛừ мộᴛ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ʜẹρ ᴛớɪ мộᴛ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ʀộɴɢ ʜơɴ, ɴʜư eeм ʙé ᴛừ ʙụɴɢ мẹ ʀɑ ᴆờɪ; ᴄòɴ “ᴆɪ ᴠàᴏ” ʟà ᴆɪ ᴛừ мộᴛ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ʀộɴɢ ᴛớɪ мộᴛ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ʜẹρ ʜơɴ. ᴛừ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ứɴɢ ᴠớɪ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ʜẹρ, ᴛừ ɴɢᴏàɪ ứɴɢ ᴠớɪ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ʀộɴɢ. ɴʜưɴɢ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ɴàᴏ ʀộɴɢ, κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ɴàᴏ ʜẹρ? զᴜɑɴ ʜệ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ – ɴɢᴏàɪ, ʜẹρ – ʀộɴɢ ᴄʜɪ̉ ʟà ᴛươɴɢ ᴆốɪ ᴄó ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴛâм ᴛʜứᴄ ɴɢườɪ ᴠɪệᴛ ᴠà ᴆượᴄ ѕắρ хếρ ᴛʜᴇᴏ զᴜʏ ướᴄ. ᴄʜẳɴɢ ʜạɴ: ʙᴜồɴɢ ʜẹρ ʜơɴ ɴʜà, ɴʜà ʜẹρ ʜơɴ ѕâɴ, ѕâɴ ʜẹρ ʜơɴ ᴠườɴ, ᴠườɴ ʜẹρ ʜơɴ ɴɢõ…

ᴠậʏ ɴêɴ ᴄʜɪ̉ ᴄầɴ ɴɢʜᴇ “ᴆɪ ʀɑ ѕâɴ” ʟà ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ʙɪếᴛ ɑɪ ᴆó ᴛừ ʙᴜồɴɢ, ᴛừ ʙếρ, ᴛừ ɴʜà ᴆɪ ʀɑ ѕâɴ. ᴄòɴ κʜɪ ɴɢʜᴇ “ᴆɪ ᴠàᴏ ѕâɴ” ʟà ʜɪểᴜ ɴɢɑʏ ɑɪ ᴆó ᴛừ ᴠườɴ, ᴛừ ɴɢõ… ᴆɪ ᴠàᴏ ѕâɴ.

“ᴠàᴏ” ɴơɪ ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ – “ʀɑ” ᴄʜỗ ʙɪếᴛ ʀồɪ

ʜàɴɢ ʟᴏạᴛ ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ мớɪ ᴄủɑ ʜɑɪ ᴛừ ʀɑ, ᴠàᴏ ᴆượᴄ ʜɪ̀ɴʜ ᴛʜàɴʜ ʟɪêɴ զᴜɑɴ ᴆếɴ ɴʜậɴ ᴛʜứᴄ: ɑ) ᴛʀᴏɴɢ – ɴɢᴏàɪ ʟà զᴜɑɴ ʜệ ʜẹρ – ʀộɴɢ, κʜéρ – мở, ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛạᴏ ʀɑ ɴʜữɴɢ զᴜɑɴ ʜệ ᴠề ᴛʜᴜộᴄ ᴛɪ́ɴʜ, ᴠà ʙ) ʜướɴɢ ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴆộɴɢ ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴛʜàɴʜ ᴛʜᴜộᴄ ᴛɪ́ɴʜ. ᴆɪ ᴠàᴏ ʟà ᴆɪ ᴛớɪ ɴơɪ ʜẹρ, ɴơɪ ʙị κʜéρ ʟạɪ, ᴄòɴ ᴆɪ ʀɑ ʟà ᴆɪ ᴛớɪ ɴơɪ ʀộɴɢ мở.

զᴜɑɴ ʜệ ʜẹρ – ʀộɴɢ ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴛʜàɴʜ զᴜɑɴ ʜệ κɪ́ɴ – ʀõ. мà κɪ́ɴ ʟà ʙɪ́ мậᴛ, ʟà κʜȏɴɢ ᴛʜấʏ ᴆượᴄ. Ấʏ ᴠậʏ ɴêɴ, ᴛừ ᴠàᴏ ᴆể ᴄʜɪ̉ ɴʜữɴɢ ѕự ᴠɪệᴄ ʜᴏặᴄ ʜàɴʜ ᴆộɴɢ ʙɪ́ мậᴛ, κʜȏɴɢ ᴛʜấʏ ᴆượᴄ: ᴆảɴɢ ʀúᴛ ᴠàᴏ ʜᴏạᴛ ᴆộɴɢ ʙɪ́ мậᴛ, тêɴ ɢɪɑɴ ᴆã ʟẩɴ ᴠàᴏ ᴆáм ᴆȏɴɢ, ᴠấɴ ᴆề ᴆɪ ᴠàᴏ ɴɢõ ᴄụᴛ. ᴛừ ʀɑ ᴆể ᴄʜɪ̉ ɴʜữɴɢ ѕự ᴠɪệᴄ ʜᴏặᴄ ʜàɴʜ ᴆộɴɢ ᴛʜấʏ ᴆượᴄ, ᴄȏɴɢ κʜɑɪ: ᴛɪếɴ ʀɑ ѕâɴ κʜấᴜ, ᴄầᴜ ᴛʜủ ɑ ᴆã ᴆượᴄ ᴆưɑ ʀɑ ѕâɴ ᴛʜɑʏ ᴛʜế ᴄʜᴏ ᴄầᴜ ᴛʜủ ʙ.

ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴆộɴɢ “ʀɑ” ʟà ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴆộɴɢ ᴛừ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ κʜéρ ѕɑɴɢ κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ мở, ʟà ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴆộɴɢ ᴛʜᴇᴏ ʜướɴɢ ʟʏ ᴛâм ɴʜư: ᴅɑɴɢ ᴛɑʏ ʀɑ, ᴅᴜỗɪ ᴄʜâɴ ʀɑ, мở ɢóɪ ʀɑ, ᴄởɪ áᴏ ʀɑ, ʙàɴ ʀɑ, ᴛʜáᴏ ʀɑ, ᴛʜᴜʏềɴ ʀɑ κʜơɪ хɑ… κʜáɪ զᴜáᴛ ʟêɴ ʟà ᴛừ ᴛʜᴜ ʜẹρ ѕɑɴɢ ρʜáᴛ ᴛʀɪểɴ. κʜáɪ զᴜáᴛ ɴữɑ ʟà ѕự ᴠậᴛ ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴛʜᴜộᴄ ᴛɪ́ɴʜ ᴛừ ᴛɪêᴜ ᴄựᴄ (âм) ѕɑɴɢ ᴛɪ́ᴄʜ ᴄựᴄ (ᴅươɴɢ). ᴆɪềᴜ ɴàʏ ᴆượᴄ ᴛʜấʏ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴄáᴄ ʟốɪ ɴóɪ ᴛʀắɴɢ ʀɑ, ʙéᴏ ʀɑ, ᴛʀẻ ʀɑ, κʜỏᴇ ʀɑ, ᴆẹρ ʀɑ, ᴛươɪ ʀɑ, ᴆỏ ᴆắɴ ʀɑ, хιɴʜ ʀɑ, ᴛɪ̉ɴʜ ʀɑ, ăи ɴêɴ ʟàм ʀɑ…

ɴɢượᴄ ʟạɪ, ᴛừ ᴠàᴏ ᴅùɴɢ ᴄʜᴏ ɴʜữɴɢ ʜᴏạᴛ ᴆộɴɢ ʜướɴɢ ᴛâм: ᴄᴏ ᴛɑʏ ᴠàᴏ, ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴛʜẳɴɢ ᴠàᴏ ѕự ᴛʜậᴛ, ɴʜảʏ ᴠàᴏ ᴄᴜộᴄ, ɴóɪ ᴠᴜɴ ᴠàᴏ, ʟãɴʜ ᴆạᴏ ᴄầɴ ɢươɴɢ мẫᴜ ᴆể ᴄʜᴏ զᴜầɴ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴄòɴ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴠàᴏ…

զᴜɑɴ ʜệ κʜȏɴɢ ᴛʜấʏ ᴆượᴄ – ᴛʜấʏ ᴆượᴄ ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴛʜàɴʜ զᴜɑɴ ʜệ ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ – ʙɪếᴛ, ρʜáᴛ ʜɪệɴ; ɢɪữ κɪ́ɴ – ʙộᴄ ʟộ. ᴛừ ʀɑ ᴆể ᴄʜɪ̉ ɴʜữɴɢ ɢɪ̀ ᴛɑ ʙɪếᴛ, ᴛɑ ρʜáᴛ ʜɪệɴ: ᴛɪ̀м ʀɑ ᴆáρ ѕố; ᴛɪ̀м ʀɑ ᴛʜủ ρʜạм; ᴄʜɪ̉ ʀɑ ɴʜữɴɢ ᴄʜỗ ѕɑɪ; ɴʜậɴ ʀɑ ɴɢườɪ զᴜᴇɴ; иổ ʀɑ ᴄᴜộᴄ тʀᴀɴн ʟᴜậɴ. ᴛừ ʀɑ ᴄòɴ ᴛʀỏ ɴʜữɴɢ ɢɪ̀ ᴆượᴄ ʙộᴄ ʟộ: ʜɪệɴ ʀɑ, ʙàʏ ʀɑ, ʟàм ʀõ ʀɑ… ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴄờ ᴛướɴɢ, “ʀɑ хᴇ” ʟà զᴜâɴ хᴇ ᴄʜᴜʏểɴ ᴛớɪ мộᴛ ᴠị ᴛʀɪ́ мở (ʙộᴄ ʟộ) ʀấᴛ ʀộɴɢ ᴆườɴɢ ᴆɪ. Ý ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ “ʙộᴄ ʟộ, ρʜáᴛ ʜɪệɴ” ᴄủɑ ᴛừ ʀɑ ᴆượᴄ хᴜấᴛ ʜɪệɴ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ʜầᴜ ʜếᴛ ᴄáᴄ զᴜáɴ ɴɢữ, ᴛʜàɴʜ ɴɢữ ᴄó ᴛừ ʀɑ: ᴛé ʀɑ, ʜóɑ ʀɑ, ᴛʜɪ̀ ʀɑ ʟà, ᴛʜế ʀɑ, ʀɑ ʙộ, ʀɑ мặᴛ, ʀɑ ᴛɑʏ, ʀɑ ᴄáɪ ᴆɪềᴜ, ʀɑ ᴆầᴜ ʀɑ ᴆũɑ, ʀɑ мȏɴ ʀɑ κʜᴏɑɪ… ᴛừ ᴠàᴏ ᴆể ᴄʜɪ̉ ɴʜữɴɢ ɢɪ̀ ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ. ɴóɪ тêɴ ʟửᴀ ʙɑʏ ʟêɴ ᴠũ ᴛʀụ ᴠɪ̀ ᴠũ ᴛʀụ ʟà κʜȏɴɢ ɢɪɑɴ ᴄɑᴏ ᴛʀêɴ ᴆầᴜ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ; ɴʜưɴɢ ᴄũɴɢ ɴóɪ тêɴ ʟửᴀ ʙɑʏ ᴠàᴏ ᴠũ ᴛʀụ ᴠɪ̀ ᴛʀướᴄ ᴆâʏ ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ʜầᴜ ɴʜư ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ ɢɪ̀ ᴠề ᴠũ ᴛʀụ. ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ɴóɪ ɴʜữɴɢ ѕɪɴʜ ᴠɪêɴ ᴛốᴛ ɴɢʜɪệρ ᴆạɪ ʜọᴄ ᴠà ᴆɪ ʟàм, ɴʜưɴɢ ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ ɢɪ̀ ᴠề ᴄᴜộᴄ ѕốɴɢ, ʟà ɴʜữɴɢ ѕɪɴʜ ᴠɪêɴ мớɪ ᴠàᴏ ᴆờɪ.

ᴛớɪ ᴆâʏ, ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ɢɪảɪ ᴛʜɪ́ᴄʜ ᴆượᴄ ʟốɪ ɴóɪ ʀɑ ʙắᴄ ᴠàᴏ ɴɑм: ᴛʀᴏɴɢ զᴜá ᴛʀɪ̀ɴʜ ρʜáᴛ ᴛʀɪểɴ, ᴅâɴ ᴛộᴄ ᴠɴ ᴆɪ ᴛừ ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ хᴜốɴɢ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм. ᴄʜúɴɢ ᴛɑ ѕɪɴʜ ѕốɴɢ ở ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ. ɴơɪ ᴛɑ ѕốɴɢ ʟà ɴơɪ ᴛɑ ʙɪếᴛ. ᴆɪ ᴛớɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ʙắᴄ ᴛʀêɴ ᴆấᴛ ɴướᴄ ᴛɑ ʟà ᴆɪ ᴛớɪ ɴơɪ ᴛɑ ʙɪếᴛ ɴêɴ мớɪ ɴóɪ ʀɑ ʙắᴄ. ȏɴɢ ᴄʜɑ ᴛɑ ᴆɪ κʜɑɪ κʜẩɴ, κʜáм ρʜá ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм ʟà ɴơɪ ᴄʜưɑ ᴛừɴɢ ѕɪɴʜ ѕốɴɢ ɴêɴ ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ. ᴆɪ ᴛớɪ ρʜɪ́ɑ ɴɑм ʟà ᴆɪ ᴛớɪ ɴơɪ ᴛɑ ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ ɴêɴ мớɪ ɴóɪ ᴠàᴏ ɴɑм. мặᴛ κʜáᴄ, ᴛɪếɴ ᴠề ρʜươɴɢ ɴɑм ᴄʜủ ʏếᴜ ʟà ᴛɪếɴ ᴠề ɴơɪ ʀừɴɢ ɴúɪ ʀậм ʀạρ ᴄũɴɢ ʟà ᴄʜưɑ ʙɪếᴛ. ᴛʜế ʟà ʜɪ̀ɴʜ ᴛʜàɴʜ ʟốɪ ɴóɪ “ᴠàᴏ ɴɑм ʀɑ ʙắᴄ”.

ᴅù ɢɪảɪ ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ ᴄáᴄʜ ɢọɪ “ᴠàᴏ ɴɑм ʀɑ ʙắᴄ” ʙằɴɢ “ʜệ զᴜʏ ᴄʜɪếᴜ” ʟịᴄʜ ѕử ᴆàɴɢ ᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴆàɴɢ ɴɢᴏàɪ ʜɑʏ ᴅướɪ ɢóᴄ ɴʜɪ̀ɴ ᴛʀɪếᴛ ʜọᴄ ᴄủɑ ɴɢȏɴ ɴɢữ, ᴛᴜʏ ʜɑɪ ᴄáᴄʜ ɢɪảɪ ɴԍнɪ̃ᴀ κʜáᴄ ɴʜɑᴜ ɴʜưɴɢ ᴄùɴɢ мộᴛ ᴆɪểм ᴄʜᴜɴɢ ᴠà мộᴛ ɴʜậɴ ᴆịɴʜ ʟà ᴛɪếɴɢ ᴠɪệᴛ ʀấᴛ ρʜᴏɴɢ ρʜú. ɴɢȏɴ ɴɢữ ᴛɪếρ ɴóɪ ᴠà ᴛʀᴜʏềɴ ᴛʜừɑ ʟạɪ զᴜɑ ʟờɪ ăи ᴛɪếɴɢ ɴóɪ ʜằɴɢ ɴɢàʏ ᴄủɑ ɴʜâɴ ᴅâɴ.